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本文探讨了日语程式化表达“ごめん”(抱歉)的语用功能，挑战了其仅为“道歉用语”的普遍看法。本研究基于自建日剧语料库，运用House与Kádár提出的理论框架，对该表达的言语行为指示功能进行自下而上的分析。研究发现，“ごめん”呈现了House与Kádár所提出的全部四种言语行为指示功能，表明其具备广泛的语用能力。该表达最常见的功能，即“默认”用法(道歉)，表现出高度的多样性，范围涵盖回应抱怨到主动缓解尴尬情境。此外，“ごめん”还可在“修饰”用法中同时表达道歉/感谢或道歉/问候；在“非言语行为锚定”用法中充当缓和语或提醒语；并在“转化”用法中指示用以结束对话的抽身行为。本研究揭示了“ごめん”在语用上的复杂性与多功能性，为日语语用学及二语教学提供了重要启示。
Abstract：In this paper, we examine the Japanese conventionalized expression “ごめん”(gomen),challenging the view that it is merely an“apology expression”. Utilizing a self-built corpus derived from contemporary Japanese television dramas, we conduct a bottom-up analysis of its speech actindicating functions based on the framework proposed by House and Kádár. Our findings show that gomen exhibits all the four speech act-indicating functions in House and Kádár's article(2021a), i.e.gomen is a pragmatically complex expression that allows a variety of different uses. In its most common“default”(Apologise) function, gomen is used in many different contexts, ranging from serious apologies in response to Complains to cases where an Apologise proactively mitigates an awkward situation. In its “modified”use, gomen simultaneously expresses the speech acts Apologise and Thanks,or Apologise and Greet. In its“non-speech act-anchored”function, gomen functions as a Disarmer or Alerter. Finally, in its“transformed”use, gomen functions as an Extractor to close a conversation. Our strictly language-anchored study of gomen has implications for Japanese pragmatics and second language pedagogy as it provides a systematic summary of how gomen is used.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.26937/j.cnki.21-1586/h.2026.01.012
中图分类号:H36
引用信息:
[1]Keiko TODO,Dániel Z.K??D??R,肖婷婷.日语“ごめん”的言语行为指示功能研究[J].语言教育,2026,14(01):43-60+100+130.DOI:10.26937/j.cnki.21-1586/h.2026.01.012.
基金信息:
高等学校学科创新引智基地系列研究成果（项目编号：D25023）
2026-02-11
2026-02-11